Magnetic Field Measurement
Magnetic field measurement is used to detect ferromagnetic materials by recording changes in the Earth’s natural magnetic field. These deviations, measured with high-sensitivity magnetometers, make it possible to locate buried metallic objects such as unexploded ordnance or archaeological structures.
Magnetic field measurement relies on the fact that metallic or ferromagnetic materials alter the Earth’s magnetic field. These local disturbances are detected by magnetometers that record the intensity and direction of the field. When two magnetometers are connected in a differential configuration, the system acts as a gradiometer. It measures the magnetic field gradient between two spatially separated sensors.
If both sensors register the same magnetic field, the resulting signal is zero. However, if a magnetic anomaly such as an unexploded bomb, contaminated site, or archaeological artifact is present, the magnetic difference creates a measurable signal. This method enables highly sensitive, contact-free detection of buried ferromagnetic objects and is a key technology in geomagnetics, archaeology, and explosive ordnance detection.